When you design database tables care should be taken selecting the type of integer columns. If you predict there is chances to have big numbers on the integer column, consider bigint or int accordingly. Of course there are performance issues involved to consider.

Here are the maximum int value in MS SQL server.

bigInt -9223372036854775808 through 9223372036854775807 (8 bytes)
int -2147483648 through 2147483647 (4 bytes)
smallInt -32768 through 32767 (2 bytes)
tinyInt 0 through 255 (1 byte)